Integrand size = 25, antiderivative size = 196 \[ \int \sec ^4(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \, dx=-\frac {(2 a+b) E\left (e+f x\left |-\frac {b}{a}\right .\right ) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)}}{3 (a+b) f \sqrt {1+\frac {b \sin ^2(e+f x)}{a}}}+\frac {2 a \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (e+f x,-\frac {b}{a}\right ) \sqrt {1+\frac {b \sin ^2(e+f x)}{a}}}{3 f \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)}}+\frac {(2 a+b) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 (a+b) f}+\frac {\sec ^2(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 f} \]
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Time = 0.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 236, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.20, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.320, Rules used = {3271, 423, 541, 538, 437, 435, 432, 430} \[ \int \sec ^4(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \, dx=\frac {2 a \sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \sec (e+f x) \sqrt {\frac {b \sin ^2(e+f x)}{a}+1} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin (\sin (e+f x)),-\frac {b}{a}\right )}{3 f \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)}}-\frac {(2 a+b) \sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \sec (e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} E\left (\arcsin (\sin (e+f x))\left |-\frac {b}{a}\right .\right )}{3 f (a+b) \sqrt {\frac {b \sin ^2(e+f x)}{a}+1}}+\frac {(2 a+b) \tan (e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)}}{3 f (a+b)}+\frac {\tan (e+f x) \sec ^2(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)}}{3 f} \]
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Rule 423
Rule 430
Rule 432
Rule 435
Rule 437
Rule 538
Rule 541
Rule 3271
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (\sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \sec (e+f x)\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {a+b x^2}}{\left (1-x^2\right )^{5/2}} \, dx,x,\sin (e+f x)\right )}{f} \\ & = \frac {\sec ^2(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 f}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \sec (e+f x)\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-2 a-b x^2}{\left (1-x^2\right )^{3/2} \sqrt {a+b x^2}} \, dx,x,\sin (e+f x)\right )}{3 f} \\ & = \frac {(2 a+b) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 (a+b) f}+\frac {\sec ^2(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 f}-\frac {\left (\sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \sec (e+f x)\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-a b+b (2 a+b) x^2}{\sqrt {1-x^2} \sqrt {a+b x^2}} \, dx,x,\sin (e+f x)\right )}{3 (a+b) f} \\ & = \frac {(2 a+b) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 (a+b) f}+\frac {\sec ^2(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 f}+\frac {\left (2 a \sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \sec (e+f x)\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-x^2} \sqrt {a+b x^2}} \, dx,x,\sin (e+f x)\right )}{3 f}-\frac {\left ((2 a+b) \sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \sec (e+f x)\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {a+b x^2}}{\sqrt {1-x^2}} \, dx,x,\sin (e+f x)\right )}{3 (a+b) f} \\ & = \frac {(2 a+b) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 (a+b) f}+\frac {\sec ^2(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 f}-\frac {\left ((2 a+b) \sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \sec (e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}}{\sqrt {1-x^2}} \, dx,x,\sin (e+f x)\right )}{3 (a+b) f \sqrt {1+\frac {b \sin ^2(e+f x)}{a}}}+\frac {\left (2 a \sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \sec (e+f x) \sqrt {1+\frac {b \sin ^2(e+f x)}{a}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1-x^2} \sqrt {1+\frac {b x^2}{a}}} \, dx,x,\sin (e+f x)\right )}{3 f \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)}} \\ & = -\frac {(2 a+b) \sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} E\left (\arcsin (\sin (e+f x))\left |-\frac {b}{a}\right .\right ) \sec (e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)}}{3 (a+b) f \sqrt {1+\frac {b \sin ^2(e+f x)}{a}}}+\frac {2 a \sqrt {\cos ^2(e+f x)} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin (\sin (e+f x)),-\frac {b}{a}\right ) \sec (e+f x) \sqrt {1+\frac {b \sin ^2(e+f x)}{a}}}{3 f \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)}}+\frac {(2 a+b) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 (a+b) f}+\frac {\sec ^2(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \tan (e+f x)}{3 f} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 2.19 (sec) , antiderivative size = 187, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.95 \[ \int \sec ^4(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \, dx=\frac {-2 a (2 a+b) \sqrt {\frac {2 a+b-b \cos (2 (e+f x))}{a}} E\left (e+f x\left |-\frac {b}{a}\right .\right )+4 a (a+b) \sqrt {\frac {2 a+b-b \cos (2 (e+f x))}{a}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (e+f x,-\frac {b}{a}\right )+\frac {\left (\left (8 a^2-4 b^2\right ) \cos (2 (e+f x))+(2 a+b) (8 a+5 b-b \cos (4 (e+f x)))\right ) \sec ^2(e+f x) \tan (e+f x)}{2 \sqrt {2}}}{6 (a+b) f \sqrt {2 a+b-b \cos (2 (e+f x))}} \]
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Time = 3.69 (sec) , antiderivative size = 368, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.88
method | result | size |
default | \(\frac {\sqrt {-b \left (\cos ^{4}\left (f x +e \right )\right )+\left (a +b \right ) \left (\cos ^{2}\left (f x +e \right )\right )}\, b \left (2 a +b \right ) \left (\cos ^{4}\left (f x +e \right )\right ) \sin \left (f x +e \right )-2 \sqrt {-b \left (\cos ^{4}\left (f x +e \right )\right )+\left (a +b \right ) \left (\cos ^{2}\left (f x +e \right )\right )}\, a \left (a +b \right ) \left (\cos ^{2}\left (f x +e \right )\right ) \sin \left (f x +e \right )-\sqrt {-\frac {b \left (\cos ^{2}\left (f x +e \right )\right )}{a}+\frac {a +b}{a}}\, \sqrt {-b \left (\cos ^{4}\left (f x +e \right )\right )+\left (a +b \right ) \left (\cos ^{2}\left (f x +e \right )\right )}\, \sqrt {\frac {\cos \left (2 f x +2 e \right )}{2}+\frac {1}{2}}\, a \left (2 F\left (\sin \left (f x +e \right ), \sqrt {-\frac {b}{a}}\right ) a +2 F\left (\sin \left (f x +e \right ), \sqrt {-\frac {b}{a}}\right ) b -2 E\left (\sin \left (f x +e \right ), \sqrt {-\frac {b}{a}}\right ) a -E\left (\sin \left (f x +e \right ), \sqrt {-\frac {b}{a}}\right ) b \right ) \left (\cos ^{2}\left (f x +e \right )\right )-\sqrt {-b \left (\cos ^{4}\left (f x +e \right )\right )+\left (a +b \right ) \left (\cos ^{2}\left (f x +e \right )\right )}\, \left (a^{2}+2 a b +b^{2}\right ) \sin \left (f x +e \right )}{3 \sqrt {-\left (a +b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (f x +e \right )\right )\right ) \left (\sin \left (f x +e \right )-1\right ) \left (1+\sin \left (f x +e \right )\right )}\, \left (a +b \right ) \left (\sin \left (f x +e \right )-1\right ) \left (1+\sin \left (f x +e \right )\right ) \cos \left (f x +e \right ) \sqrt {a +b \left (\sin ^{2}\left (f x +e \right )\right )}\, f}\) | \(368\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.16 (sec) , antiderivative size = 789, normalized size of antiderivative = 4.03 \[ \int \sec ^4(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \, dx=\frac {{\left (2 \, {\left (-2 i \, a b - i \, b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-b} \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - {\left (4 i \, a^{2} + 4 i \, a b + i \, b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-b} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, b \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} + 2 \, a + b}{b}} E(\arcsin \left (\sqrt {\frac {2 \, b \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} + 2 \, a + b}{b}} {\left (\cos \left (f x + e\right ) + i \, \sin \left (f x + e\right )\right )}\right )\,|\,\frac {8 \, a^{2} + 8 \, a b + b^{2} - 4 \, {\left (2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}}}{b^{2}}) + {\left (2 \, {\left (2 i \, a b + i \, b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-b} \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - {\left (-4 i \, a^{2} - 4 i \, a b - i \, b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-b} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, b \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} + 2 \, a + b}{b}} E(\arcsin \left (\sqrt {\frac {2 \, b \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} + 2 \, a + b}{b}} {\left (\cos \left (f x + e\right ) - i \, \sin \left (f x + e\right )\right )}\right )\,|\,\frac {8 \, a^{2} + 8 \, a b + b^{2} - 4 \, {\left (2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}}}{b^{2}}) - 2 \, {\left (2 \, {\left (-i \, a b - i \, b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-b} \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} + {\left (-2 i \, a^{2} - i \, a b\right )} \sqrt {-b} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, b \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} + 2 \, a + b}{b}} F(\arcsin \left (\sqrt {\frac {2 \, b \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} + 2 \, a + b}{b}} {\left (\cos \left (f x + e\right ) + i \, \sin \left (f x + e\right )\right )}\right )\,|\,\frac {8 \, a^{2} + 8 \, a b + b^{2} - 4 \, {\left (2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}}}{b^{2}}) - 2 \, {\left (2 \, {\left (i \, a b + i \, b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-b} \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} + {\left (2 i \, a^{2} + i \, a b\right )} \sqrt {-b} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {2 \, b \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} + 2 \, a + b}{b}} F(\arcsin \left (\sqrt {\frac {2 \, b \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}} + 2 \, a + b}{b}} {\left (\cos \left (f x + e\right ) - i \, \sin \left (f x + e\right )\right )}\right )\,|\,\frac {8 \, a^{2} + 8 \, a b + b^{2} - 4 \, {\left (2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a^{2} + a b}{b^{2}}}}{b^{2}}) + 2 \, {\left ({\left (2 \, a b + b^{2}\right )} \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + a b + b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-b \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + a + b} \sin \left (f x + e\right )}{6 \, {\left (a b + b^{2}\right )} f \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3}} \]
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\[ \int \sec ^4(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \, dx=\int \sqrt {a + b \sin ^{2}{\left (e + f x \right )}} \sec ^{4}{\left (e + f x \right )}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \sec ^4(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \, dx=\int { \sqrt {b \sin \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + a} \sec \left (f x + e\right )^{4} \,d x } \]
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\[ \int \sec ^4(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \, dx=\int { \sqrt {b \sin \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + a} \sec \left (f x + e\right )^{4} \,d x } \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \sec ^4(e+f x) \sqrt {a+b \sin ^2(e+f x)} \, dx=\int \frac {\sqrt {b\,{\sin \left (e+f\,x\right )}^2+a}}{{\cos \left (e+f\,x\right )}^4} \,d x \]
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